Definition
An IV rank of 80 means IV is 80% of the way from its yearly low to its yearly high, so options are expensive relative to the past year. Low readings mean they are relatively cheap.
Formula
IV rank = (current IV - 52-week low) / (52-week high - 52-week low) x 100
Watch out for
IV rank depends on the one-year window, so a single extreme event can distort it. IV percentile is a related measure.